CONSTANTES

E (Pa) (modulo young)

LATÓN: 8,9E+10~9,8E+10~1,1E+11  // aleación de cobre y zinc + elástico

ACERO: 1,7E+11~1,9E+11~2,1E+11  // hierro y carbono

G (N/(m2·rad)) (modulo de cizalla)

LATÓN: 3,5E+10

ACERO: 8E+10

Viscosidad glicerina (kg/(m·s))

GLICERINA A 22º : 1,39 (kg/(m·s))

Calores específicos (cal/(g ºC)) y masas molares (g/mol)

*Notar que R (cal/(mol · K)) = 2

cCu: 0,093

MCu: 63,546

cAc: 0,114

MAc: 55,845 (es la del Fe por aprox.)

cPb: 0,030

MPb: 207,2

Latente fusión para el agua: Lf (cal/ºC) = 79,7

Permeabilidad magnética del vacío (mu_0): 4*pi*10^(-7) [Vs/Am] equivale a [mkg/C^2]. Y si multiplicas por 100 se expresa en [cmkg/C^2]

Porque:

1V=m^2 kg s^(-3) A^(-1)

1A=1C/s

Momento dipolar magnético m: (A m^2)

R (J/(mol K) ): 8,314

M (kg/mol): 0,02897

evaluate differentiate x*y/(z^2-(y-x)^2)^0.5 with respect to x for x=0.061, y=0.058, z=0.579

Climate change is the most serious issue facing the world today.

This is a hotly debated topic these days because of the fame that Greta Thunberg has reached, in fact, she is a teenager who has started a decisive revolution to deal with this issue.

The climate change is not as simple as it is usually summed up, that is to say, it is a complex process that involves many elements as global warming, pollution made by exhaust fumes and fossil fuels, but also the high consumption of general resources, especially plastics because it has been proved their horrible impact on the environment.

So this problem goes forward our minds, and scientists aren’t totally able to determine all the consequences, but they are desperately claiming its causes, and the global population is not doing anything.

For these reasons, Greta Thunberg has decided to make people aware, and also to turn this problem in one of the first topics of human’s agenda. Governments have to act now, or these processes will be uncontrollable, and we will destroy our home, the future of the Earth depends on us.

From my perspective, this coronavirus crisis has replaced climate change affairs, but, under no doubt, it is the most concerning preoccupation nowadays, it’s not a trend (as many people think). In addition, I could add that it is the egoism the principal reason for our ignorance and lack of preoccupation, why we should be concerned about something that will manifest in the future? The fact is that climate change consequences could be appreciated just right now.

Does advertising influence people?

Nowadays, we are surrounded by lots of adverts, sprawled in a huge variety of places, not only physical but also the ones which are on many online webs. The fact is, are we aware of this?

Perhaps, older people who have lived in the past, which was partly free of advertising, are more conscientious of this, but young people, like me, who have born in the twenty-one century, don’t appreciate this dangerous environment. In addition, this population is the most influenceable, and it is because we try to be up to the most recent trends, and this involves attending advertising of the big brands.

From my perspective, modern societies are lead by the ones who can make themselves visible, popularity is the most powerful weapon. Nevertheless, visibility is linked to money, and this is the reason why networks like "YouTube" can offer free content or brands have invented a lot of marketing methods.

Taking that into account, it is reasonable to think that we are totally influenced by advertising, if not, why would brands spend piles of money on publicity?

So, the heart of the matter is if there are limits and we are secure and able to deal with this, in order to maintain our will and freedom. In my opinion, two actions must be taken, the one is to regulate companies, because sometimes they are too invasive, and the other depends on us because we have the last word when a product is bought.

DO GIFS AND EMOJIS AFFECT OUR WRITING?

This is a hotly debated topic these days because of the impact of more and more instant communication. From my perspective, the heart of the matter is why the language is as relevant as it is thought.

First of all, a little philosophy. What makes us humans is precisely our ability to talk and think, what is more, the reasoning can’t be made without words. However, many people claim that the strength of images and media is to be considered.

Nowadays this point of view is totally appreciable, due to apps like “WhatsApp” which promotes audio and gifs instead of written words. The consequence is the increase in the number of young people who seem to have forgotten how to express their own ideas. And this is logical, in an unconscientious way, we tend to simplify and make our conversations faster.

Personally, I understand the utility of emojis, in fact, I use them. Nevertheless, they mustn’t be used as the common languages, because they limit our expressions and thoughts which are absolutely more complicated than a dozen small symbols.

Shopping

This topic is a highly debated one because of its relevance in modern societies. Nevertheless, shopping, or better said, the activity of changing things between people in order to preserve a complex social structure, is one of the oldest steps of human evolution.

From this perspective, someone could think that shopping centres are only a way to keep this ancestral method of improving our lives. So, on the one hand, it’s a truth that they have helped us and have made our daily routine easier, not only to buy essential things but also to meet with friends and have fun or buy gifts and whims.

But, on the other hand, they have made many people lost their heads. Sometimes you could end obsessed by buying things and losing big quantities of money motivated by this capitalist society. And also, this waste of useless products have contributed to the pollution of cities and the shut down of many small shops, which are less prejudicial to the environment and mental health.

In conclusion, shopping centres could be useful, but in my opinion, one of them in each city is all we need, more than one is only a way to get more money based on the marketing strategies of big brands.

Rubbish journalism

Nowadays, we are used to living in a highly globalized world, where we can get in contact with other parts of the earth in the simple act of watching our mobile phones. That is to say, communication is really easy and for that reason, we don’t tend to take care when we publish something on the Internet.

Journalism, as it is said in the text, is changing because of the vast number of articles that have collapsed the red. As a consequence, becoming a trend or popular is almost as important as breathing for big brands and celebrities these days.

So here is a complicated relationship, the two parts need themselves, but is very frequently the fact of going further the limits. Moreover, not only journalists are guilty, we, as their customers, play a vital role here, if gossip is liked, journalism will make it.

As a conclusion, I think that a lot of celebrities are being affected by this phenomenon, some in a negative but other in a positive way (some people have reached the fame because of their extravagance and the social media gossip). So, this second fact is really bad for our society, because we are being influenced by people that don’t have anything to teach us, or almost something positive. We shouldn’t read those types of articles!

1984

 “1984” is recognized as one of the best XX century novels, and this is not strange at all because of its fascinating way of foretelling how the world would evolve in time.

The film is a try to put on the big screen Orwen’s words, and, in these terms, I think that it maintains the spirit of the argument: an atmosphere of terror, anguish, and a fateful life’s perspective. The author makes clear that, as human beings, we depend on our language, culture and social behaviour. For this reason, if the social structure falls into the control of a totalitarian leader it would be maddening.

Moreover, although it’s setting near the Second World Wide, dealing implicitly with political movements like the communism of the Soviet Union or Germany’s fascism, its ideas and deliberations could be applied nowadays. For example, the shortening of the vocabulary, the lack of self-thoughts and reasoning, or the contemplation of society like a grey mass who could be easily dominated.

Apart from the intellectual topics, it is also sensational how it approaches human relations, we need ourselves and without friendships or love relationships we could end losing our mind.

In my opinion, this is the importance of this artwork, it can make you aware of how relevant it is not to get carried away by the threaten of a world where freedom has no place.

A futurist world

A futurist and depressing world crowded by machines or industries, without vegetation or animal life. Everybody has thought about an overpopulated society living in vast cities, this is the picture with which we have been convinced by literature or films, but, ¿Is there a real alarming situation? Without any doubt, this is a hotly debated topic because its possible consequences will be horrible, not only for the planet but also for our wellness.
First of all, in order to analyse the situation, let’s put forward a bit of background. In the past, with the industry revolution, people got panic. They thought that jobs would be lost because of the replacement of people with machines. Instead of that, we have adapted ourselves to this capitalist economy, and machines have become an indispensable part of our lives.
However, nowadays it has been complained that we are extremely dependant of them. We, literally, can’t live without a phone, internet, transport, etc. Moreover, a lot of companies have been dreaming about taking over human jobs, above all in the world of merchandise distribution or administrative work.
There could be advantages like a more efficient dynamic of work and speed, but do we really need it? That is to say, there are people who need this type of work, and over time, there will be more people. In the other hand, these jobs are extremely hard, and the creation of machines and its maintenance, could create different needs.
Taking all the arguments into account, I think that we can’t stop the progress, instead of that, we should adapt our economy to the new inventions.

Is there any kind of discrimination against foreign people in Spain?

Spain is a country whose history is an undeniable proof of multicultural reality. This peninsula has been the home of many cultures since Celts and Iberian to Greeks, Romans, Muslims, Jews, and so on. Apart from that, because of having a huge cost available we have always been in contact with other countries due to trade. For these reasons, attitudes like racism or xenophobia could be seen ridiculous but they exist and it is an alarming problem.

In my opinion, the level of discrimination varies depending on many factors. The first is the region of the country because it is bigger when the place is smaller. Racism is indeed not only in villages but also in big cities, nonetheless, in these, the situation is progressively changing because of globalization and the bigger number of young people. This is the second factor to take into account, the younger you are the more you tend to accept immigrants.

However, although having an open mind seems to be a part of our evolution, communication, and connection between different societies is easier each day, it is important to make aware people of the disasters that xenophobia has caused in the past. We shouldn’t allow this current increase in extremist political parties that are reappearing in different countries, including Spain.

Do GIFs and emojis affect our language?

This is a highly debated topic which has concerned a huge amount of specialists and ordinary people, not only in the past but also nowadays. It is normal because of the transcendental importance of language due to it is the definitive human characteristic that defines us and tells us apart from the other animals. Who we are? Where do we come from? What is our significance in this immense universe? Perhaps, the way of solving these queues is as simple as understanding ourselves.

Firstly, it is important to understand what is the power of communication with words. When we started using a language we also began to be capable of thinking about the future, predicting it and imagining plans. The other animals, although they could communicate with others of their species, couldn't do that. In addition, the definitive relevance of reasoning with words is that we started to think about ourselves, about our identity. The typical example is that if an animal sees itself in a mirror, it won't be capable of understand what is that, however, we can do it.

As a result,  language is not only used to communicate with others, which is the main argument of the people who agree with the use of emoticons.  Moreover, it will be a disaster to lose this amazing human ability. As I see it, we can indeed express our emotions and moods with images or videos, our ancestors were also capable of that. But the evolution has been in the direction of making more complicated this process, and it has had its reasons.

Apart from that, recent studies have shown up that an extreme use of emoticons make it worse our writing and use of language. We can't allow that, and some measures must be carried out. The human future depends on the present, we can't succumb to an unreasoning world, or we will be going to the past.

Is internet addictive?

It seems to me that the internet effect on society is not as extreme as it could be claimed. However, this is a hotly-debated topic whose solution is by no means simple to reach.

On the one hand, it is well-known the vast impact that a breakthrough can have in people. For instance, a huge range of inventions related to the technology and media, like radio or television, have been conducting society to this globalized world where we are more connected than ever before. Nevertheless, if innovation were to be so hazardous, how would have we progressed?

In fact, we have benefited from it, due to our lives have turned out to be more effortless. However, this is a double-edged sword, because we have developed a high dependence on it. While we used to have face-to-face communication with others, now we are becoming more introverted and also more sedentary. 
Taking all the arguments into account, the question is if something that humans have created could end up taking control over them.

On balance, I feel that we are so concerned about its apparent power that we are leaving aside the one that we have, that is to say, under no circumstances are we to stop using a not biased reasoning and our common sense. In addition, being humble could be a help, that is to say, thinking about from where we come and who we are.